IbogaineVault / Portal / Mechanisms

Mechanisms

How does ibogaine do what it does, in the brain and body?

119 papers

2020s · 41

Calvey et al.Neurorestorative Properties of Ibogaine: Linking Multi-Receptor Affinities to Remyelination and Metabolic Restoration
Acta Neuropsychiatrica·2026·Review
Grundmann et al.Indole Alkaloids as Biased Opioid Receptor Modulators
Preprints.org·2026·Review
Koutrouli et al.Psilocybin and Ibogaine as Therapeutic Candidates for Cocaine Addiction: Insights from a Rat Self-Administration Model
Neuroscience Applied·2026·Preclinical
Acuña et al.Ibogaine induces juvenile-like plasticity and modulates functional and structural regulators of plasticity in the adult mouse visual cortex
Research Square (Preprint)·2025·Preclinical
Ali et al.Old Dog, New Tricks: Ibogaine and Its Analogs as Potential Neurotherapeutics
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·2025·Review
Eliasen et al.Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and ibogaine elicit membrane effects in HEK cells transiently transfected with the human 5-HT2A receptor
Brain Research·2025·In vitro
Eliasen et al.The psychoactive compound ibogaine sex-dependently alters the firing rate and afterhyperpolarization of Ih-negative neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area
Neuroscience·2025·Preclinical
Gupta et al.Development of Bioisosteric Iboga-alkaloids as Antinociceptive and Anxiolytic Agents with Neuroprotective Effects
Preprint·2025·Preclinical
Halman et al.Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics·2025·Review
Hwu et al.Deciphering Ibogaine's Matrix Pharmacology: Multiple Transporter Modulation at Serotonin Synapses
Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025·In vitro
Iyer et al.Efficient and modular synthesis of ibogaine and related alkaloids
Nature Chemistry·2025·In vitro
LytychevskyiNew Approaches to Old Targets: Re-envisioning the Synthesis of Ibogaine and Immunogenic Glycolipids
2025·Review
NicolasIbogaine's potential role in supporting reward system recovery across diagnostic boundaries
Frontiers in Pharmacology·2025·Review
ŠijićTotalna Sinteza Ibogaina (Total Synthesis of Ibogaine)
2025·Review
Quinn WilliamsA Study of the Inhibitory and Pharmacological Chaperone Effects of Bupropion and Ibogaine on Monoamine Transporters
2025·Preclinical
Biosca-Brull et al.A transcriptomic analysis in mice following a single dose of ibogaine identifies new potential therapeutic targets
Translational Psychiatry·2024·Preclinical
Castro-Nin et al.Noribogaine acute administration in rats promotes wakefulness and suppresses REM sleep
Psychopharmacology·2024·Preclinical
Govender et al.Ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration upregulates myelination markers CNP and MBP in Sprague Dawley rats
Frontiers in Neuroscience·2024·Preclinical
Havel et al.Oxa-Iboga alkaloids lack cardiac risk and disrupt opioid use in animal models
Nature Communications·2024·Preclinical
Heinsbroek et al.Tabernanthalog Reduces Motivation for Heroin and Alcohol in a Polydrug Use Model
Psychedelic Medicine·2024·Preclinical
Hughes et al.Disrupting Substance Use Disorder: The Chemistry of Iboga Alkaloids
European Journal of Organic Chemistry·2024·Review
Ivan et al.The Nonclassic Psychedelic Ibogaine Disrupts Cognitive Maps
Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science·2024·Preclinical
Kamileen et al.Streamlined screening platforms lead to the discovery of pachysiphine synthase from Tabernanthe iboga
bioRxiv (preprint)·2024·In vitro
Knuijver et al.The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients
Journal of Psychopharmacology·2024·Cohort
KobrIbogain a jeho potenciální využití v léčbě drogových závislostí (Ibogaine and its potential use in the treatment of drug addiction)
2024·Review
Gallo Alfonso et al.Ibogaína: un psicodélico atípico con potencial antiadictivo
Revista de Psiquiatría del Uruguay·2023·Review
Arias et al.(+)-Catharanthine and (-)-18-methoxycoronaridine induce antidepressant-like activity in mice by differently recruiting serotonergic and norepinephrinergic neurotransmission
European Journal of Pharmacology·2023·Preclinical
Boukandou Mounanga et al.A review of the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection and neurotoxicity of Iboga alkaloids
Pharmacological Research - Natural Products·2023·Review
Nardou et al.Psychedelics reopen the social reward learning critical period
Nature·2023·Preclinical
Oña et al.Main targets of ibogaine and noribogaine associated with its putative anti-addictive effects: A mechanistic overview
Journal of Psychopharmacology·2023·Review
KargboIbogaine and Their Analogs as Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters·2022·Review
MalcolmAddiction Pharmacology and Ibogaine
2022·Review
Martins et al.Drug Transporters ABCB1 (P-gp) and OATP, but not Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme CYP3A4, Affect the Pharmacokinetics of the Psychoactive Alkaloid Ibogaine and its Metabolites
Frontiers in Pharmacology·2022·Preclinical
Straub et al.What We Have Gained from Ibogaine: α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibitors as Treatments for Substance Use Disorders
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·2022·Review
Cameron et al.A Non-Hallucinogenic Psychedelic Analog with Therapeutic Potential
Nature·2021·Preclinical
Havel et al.Novel Class of Psychedelic Iboga Alkaloids Disrupts Opioid Addiction States
bioRxiv·2021·Preclinical
Lukasiewicz et al.Serotonergic Psychedelics in Neural Plasticity
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·2021·Review
Luz et al.Evaluating the toxicity and therapeutic potential of ibogaine in the treatment of chronic opioid abuse
Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology·2021·Review
Bhat et al.Tropane-Based Ibogaine Analog Rescues Folding-Deficient Serotonin and Dopamine Transporters
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science·2020·In vitro
Mayindza Ekaghba et al.Study of the Acute Toxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Tabernanthe iboga (Baill.) (Apocynacea) on Wistar Rats
Asian Journal of Science and Technology·2020·Preclinical
Rodríguez et al.A Single Administration of the Atypical Psychedelic Ibogaine or its Metabolite Noribogaine Induces an Antidepressant-like Effect in Rats
ACS Chemical Neuroscience·2020·Preclinical

2010s · 22

Coleman et al.Serotonin transporter–ibogaine complexes illuminate mechanisms of inhibition and transport
Nature·2019·In vitro
Iyer et al.The Iboga Enigma: The Chemistry and Neuropharmacology of Iboga Alkaloids and Related Analogs
Natural Product Reports·2019·Review
Marton et al.Ibogaine Administration Modifies GDNF and BDNF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits
Frontiers in Pharmacology·2019·Preclinical
Bading-Taika et al.Phytochemical characterization of Tabernanthe iboga root bark and its effects on dysfunctional metabolism and cognitive performance in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice
Journal of Food Bioactives·2018·Preclinical
González et al.Ibogaine Acute Administration in Rats Promotes Wakefulness, Long-Lasting REM Sleep Suppression, and a Distinctive Motor Profile
Frontiers in Pharmacology·2018·Preclinical
Ly et al.Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity
Cell Reports·2018·In vitro
Oreščanin-Dušić et al.The Effects of Ibogaine on Uterine Smooth Muscle Contractions: Relation to the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·2018·In vitro
Wasko et al.DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Ibogaine
ACS Chemical Neuroscience·2018·Review
Lavaud et al.The Iboga Alkaloids
Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products·2017·Review
Mash et al.Oral noribogaine shows high brain uptake and anti-withdrawal effects not associated with place preference in rodents
Journal of Psychopharmacology·2016·Preclinical
Gassaway et al.Deconstructing the Iboga Alkaloid Skeleton: Potentiation of FGF2-induced Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Release by a Novel Compound
ACS Chemical Biology·2015·In vitro
Glue et al.Influence of CYP2D6 Activity on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Single 20 mg Dose of Ibogaine in Healthy Volunteers
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·2015·RCT
Glue et al.Ascending-Dose Study of Noribogaine in Healthy Volunteers: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·2015·RCT
Nikolić-Kokić et al.Ex vivo effects of ibogaine on the activity of antioxidative enzymes in human erythrocytes
Journal of Ethnopharmacology·2015·In vitro
Antonio et al.Effect of Iboga Alkaloids on µ-Opioid Receptor-Coupled G Protein Activation
PLoS ONE·2013·In vitro
Cachat et al.Unique and potent effects of acute ibogaine on zebrafish: The developing utility of novel aquatic models for hallucinogenic drug research
Behavioural Brain Research·2013·Preclinical
Paškulin et al.Metabolic plasticity and the energy economizing effect of ibogaine, the principal alkaloid of Tabernanthe iboga
Journal of Ethnopharmacology·2012·In vitro
Alper et al.Ibogaine and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
Journal of Ethnopharmacology·2011·In vitro
Arias et al.Interaction of ibogaine with human α3β4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in different conformational states
International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·2010·In vitro
Carnicella et al.Noribogaine, but not 18-MC, exhibits similar actions as ibogaine on GDNF expression and ethanol self-administration
Addiction Biology·2010·Preclinical
Paškulin et al.Induction of energy metabolism related enzymes in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to ibogaine is adaptation to acute decrease in ATP energy pool
European Journal of Pharmacology·2010·Preclinical
RayPsychedelics and the Human Receptorome
PLoS ONE·2010·In vitro

2000s · 17

Mačiulaitis et al.Ibogaine, an anti-addictive drug: pharmacology and time to go further in development. A narrative review
Human & Experimental Toxicology·2008·Review
He et al.Autoregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression: implications for the long-lasting actions of the anti-addiction drug, Ibogaine
FASEB Journal·2006·In vitro
Kontrimavičiūtė et al.Simultaneous quantification of ibogaine and noribogaine in human plasma and whole blood by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection
Journal of Chromatography B·2006·In vitro
Paškulin et al.Ibogaine affects brain energy metabolism
European Journal of Pharmacology·2006·Preclinical
He et al.Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates the Desirable Actions of the Anti-addiction Drug Ibogaine against Alcohol Consumption
The Journal of Neuroscience·2005·Preclinical
Höck et al.Enantioselective Synthesis of Key Intermediates in a Novel Approach towards the Iboga-Alkaloid Family
Helvetica Chimica Acta·2003·In vitro
FreedlanderIbogaine: A Novel Anti-Addictive Compound - A Comprehensive Literature Review
2002·Review
AlperIbogaine: A Review
The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology·2001·Review
Baumann et al.In Vivo Neurobiological Effects of Ibogaine and Its O-Desmethyl Metabolite, 12-Hydroxyibogamine (Noribogaine), in Rats
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·2001·Preclinical
Glick et al.Mechanisms of Action of Ibogaine: Relevance to Putative Therapeutic Effects and Development of a Safer Iboga Alkaloid Congener
The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology·2001·Review
Mash et al.Ibogaine in the Treatment of Heroin Withdrawal
The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology·2001·Cohort
Binienda et al.Application of Electrophysiological Method to Study Interactions between Ibogaine and Cocaine
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2000·Preclinical
Glick et al.18-Methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) and Ibogaine: Comparison of Antiaddictive Efficacy, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Action
CNS Drug Reviews·2000·Review
Glick et al.Development of Novel Medications for Drug Addiction: The Legacy of an African Shrub
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2000·Review
Mash et al.Ibogaine: Complex Pharmacokinetics, Concerns for Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy Measures
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2000·Case series
Mundey et al.Pharmacological comparison of the effect of ibogaine and 18-methoxycoronaridine on isolated smooth muscle from the rat and guinea-pig
British Journal of Pharmacology·2000·In vitro
Xu et al.A Dose-Response Study of Ibogaine-Induced Neuropathology in the Rat Cerebellum
Toxicological Sciences·2000·Preclinical

1990s · 38

Glick et al.(±)-18-Methoxycoronaridine: A Novel Iboga Alkaloid Congener Having Potential Anti-Addictive Efficacy
CNS Drug Reviews·1999·Review
Maisonneuve et al.Attenuation of the reinforcing efficacy of morphine by 18-methoxycoronaridine
European Journal of Pharmacology·1999·Preclinical
Glick et al.18-Methoxycoronaridine attenuates nicotine-induced dopamine release and nicotine preferences in rats
Psychopharmacology·1998·Preclinical
Glick et al.Mechanisms of Antiaddictive Actions of Ibogaine
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·1998·Review
MahIbogaine acts at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cation channel to inhibit catecholamine release
Brain Research·1998·In vitro
Mash et al.Medication Development of Ibogaine as a Pharmacotherapy for Drug Dependence
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·1998·Review
Obach et al.Cytochrome P4502D6 Catalyzes the O-Demethylation of the Psychoactive Alkaloid Ibogaine to 12-Hydroxyibogamine
Drug Metabolism and Disposition·1998·In vitro
Pablo et al.Noribogaine stimulates naloxone-sensitive [³⁵S]GTPγS binding
NeuroReport·1998·In vitro
Maisonneuve et al.Time-dependent interactions between iboga agents and cocaine
European Journal of Pharmacology·1997·Preclinical
Benwell et al.Neurochemical and Behavioural Interactions Between Ibogaine and Nicotine in the Rat
British Journal of Pharmacology·1996·Preclinical
Chen et al.Ibogaine Block of the NMDA Receptor: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Neuropharmacology·1996·In vitro
Glick et al.18-Methoxycoronaridine, a non-toxic iboga alkaloid congener: effects on morphine and cocaine self-administration and on mesolimbic dopamine release in rats
Brain Research·1996·Preclinical
Hough et al.Tissue Distribution of Ibogaine After Intraperitoneal and Subcutaneous Administration
Life Sciences·1996·Preclinical
Layer et al.Structurally modified ibogaine analogs exhibit differing affinities for NMDA receptors
European Journal of Pharmacology·1996·Preclinical
Molinari et al.Ibogaine neurotoxicity: a re-evaluation
Brain Research·1996·Preclinical
O'Callaghan et al.Acute and Chronic Administration of Ibogaine to the Rat Results in Astrogliosis That Is Not Confined to the Cerebellar Vermis
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·1996·Preclinical
Reid et al.Neuropharmacological characterization of local ibogaine effects on dopamine release
Journal of Neural Transmission·1996·Preclinical
Scallet et al.Ibogaine Produces Neurodegeneration in Rat, but Not Mouse, Cerebellum: Neurohistological Biomarkers of Purkinje Cell Loss
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·1996·Preclinical
Staley et al.Pharmacological screen for activities of 12-hydroxyibogamine: a primary metabolite of the indole alkaloid ibogaine
Psychopharmacology·1996·In vitro
Bowen et al.Ibogaine and Its Congeners Are σ Receptor-Selective Ligands with Moderate Affinity
European Journal of Pharmacology·1995·In vitro
Dworkin et al.Effects of ibogaine on responding maintained by food, cocaine and heroin reinforcement in rats
Psychopharmacology·1995·Preclinical
Hearn et al.Identification and Quantitation of Ibogaine and an o-Demethylated Metabolite in Brain and Biological Fluids Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Toxicology·1995·In vitro
Mash et al.Identification of a Primary Metabolite of Ibogaine That Targets Serotonin Transporters and Elevates Serotonin
Life Sciences·1995·Preclinical
Pearl et al.Radioligand-binding study of noribogaine, a likely metabolite of ibogaine
Brain Research·1995·In vitro
Popik et al.100 Years of Ibogaine: Neurochemical and Pharmacological Actions of a Putative Anti-addictive Drug
Pharmacological Reviews·1995·Review
Sweetnam et al.Receptor binding profile suggests multiple mechanisms of action are responsible for ibogaine's putative anti-addictive activity
Psychopharmacology·1995·In vitro
De Rienzo et al.The Ibogaine Story — Chapter 14: Time Is a Child at Play
1995·Qualitative
De Rienzo et al.The Ibogaine Story — Chapter 15: Molliver's Travels
1995·Qualitative
De Rienzo et al.The Ibogaine Story — Chapter 7: Stanley Glick
1995·Qualitative
Glick et al.Effects of iboga alkaloids on morphine and cocaine self-administration in rats: relationship to tremorigenic effects and to effects on dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and striatum
Brain Research·1994·Preclinical
Popik et al.The putative anti-addictive drug ibogaine is a competitive inhibitor of [3H]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor complex
Psychopharmacology·1994·In vitro
Sershen et al.Ibogaine Reduces Preference for Cocaine Consumption in C57BL/6By Mice
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior·1994·Preclinical
O'Hearn et al.Degeneration of Purkinje Cells in Parasagittal Zones of the Cerebellar Vermis after Treatment with Ibogaine or Harmaline
Neuroscience·1993·Preclinical
Darlene C. Deecher et al.Mechanisms of action of ibogaine and harmaline congeners based on radioligand binding studies
Brain Research·1992·In vitro
Francés et al.Effects of ibogaine on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent mice
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology·1992·Preclinical
Glick et al.Effects of Ibogaine on Acute Signs of Morphine Withdrawal in Rats: Independence from Tremor
Neuropharmacology·1992·Preclinical
Sershen et al.Ibogaine Antagonizes Cocaine-Induced Locomotor Stimulation in Mice
Life Sciences·1992·Preclinical
Maisonneuve et al.Interactions between ibogaine, a potential anti-addictive agent, and morphine: an in vivo microdialysis study
European Journal of Pharmacology·1991·Preclinical

Pre-1990 · 1

Schneider et al.Neuropharmacological Studies on Ibogaine, an Indole Alkaloid with Central-Stimulant Properties
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·1957·Preclinical